IntroductionThe Sylvia Beach Papers consists of a complete personal archive of Sylvia Beach (1887-1962), the American author, publisher, and proprietress of the Paris bookshop Shakespeare and Company. Included are family, personal, and professional correspondence; manuscripts by Beach and others; materials relating to the publication of James Joyce's Ulysses; materials relating to Shakespeare and Company; photographs; artwork; phonograph records; memorabilia; and other miscellanea.Range of Collection Dates: 1887-1966
Size: 92 linear feet (129 archival boxes, 108 half-size archival boxes, 8 oversize flat boxes, 1 record center carton, 1 small box, 1 oversize folder) Language: The primary language of the collection is English, although there are many materials in French. Restrictions: Access to the photographs in series VII, sub-series E (Photographs of Writers) and F (Photographs by Copyrighted Photographers), is restricted because surrogates are available for reference use. Researchers who feel they have a compelling reason to be granted access to the original photographs must request permission in advance from the Curator of Manuscripts (http://www.princeton.edu/~rbsc/contact/index.shtml). Photocopying, literary rights, and citation: Single photocopies
may be made for research purposes. No further photoduplication of copies
of material in the collection can be made when Princeton University Library
does not own the original. Permission to publish material from the collection
must be requested from the Associate University Librarian for Rare Books
and Special Collections. The library has no information on the status of
literary rights in the collection and researchers are responsible for determining
any questions of copyright. Citations should be as follows: Sylvia Beach
Papers, Box #, Folder #, Department of Rare Books and Special Collections,
Princeton University Library.
Background of the Collection and Biographical Sketch
by Howard C. Rice, Jr.
The Library's extensive materials relating to twentieth century literature have been significantly augmented and enriched by the acquisition of papers and books of Sylvia Beach, proprietor of Shakespeare and Company, the Paris bookshop which was a meeting-point for French, English, Irish and American writers during the 1920's and 1930's. The collection, which had remained in Miss Beach's Paris apartment at 12, Rue de l'Odéon since her death there in October 1962, was acquired earlier this year from the Sylvia Beach estate, through the generosity of Graham D. Mattison, Princeton Class of 1926, and with the interest and support of Miss Beach's surviving sister, Mrs. Frederic J. (Holly Beach) Dennis of Greenwich, Connecticut. The Assistant Librarian for Rare Books and Special Collections spent several weeks in Paris last spring preparing the Beach Collection for shipment to the United States. It is now in Princeton, where it is in the process of being organized, and will, it is hoped, be available for the use of scholars in the course of the year 1965. Sylvia Beach, born in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1887, was the second of three daughters of Eleanor Orbison Beach and the Reverend Sylvester Woodbridge Beach, Princeton Class of 1876, for many years pastor of the First Presbyterian Church in Princeton. She first visited Paris in the early 1900's, when her father was director of a center for American students and assistant pastor at the American Church. Frequent trips abroad followed this first sojourn. After World War I (a part of which she spent in France), Miss Beach, with the encouragement of Adrienne Monnier, who presided over La Maison des Amis des Livres at 7, Rue de l'Odéon, opened a bookshop and lending library of her own specializing in English and American books. "Shakespeare and Company," as she called it, opened its doors in 1919 at 8, Rue Dupuytren, a small street on the Left Bank in the neighborhood of the Ecole de Medecine. In 1922 the shop moved to 12, Rue de l'Odéon, across the street from Mlle. Monnier's establishment, where it remained until 1941. In that year, to forestall confiscation by the Nazi occupants of Paris, Shakespeare and Company "vanished" overnight to a vacant upstairs apartment at the same address. After World War II (during which she spent six months in an internment camp at Vittel) Miss Beach maintained her residence at 12, Rue de l'Odéon, but did not reopen her street-floor bookshop there. During the two decades separating World Wars I and II Shakespeare and Company served as a port of call for American visitors to Paris, for expatriate writers of the so-called "Lost Generation," and as a center where French writers, translators, and scholars deepened their acquaintance with English and American literature. To her other activities Miss Beach soon added that of publisher, acquiring a portion of her fame as the publisher, in 1922, of James Joyce's Ulysses, which she distributed as long as it remained a banned book in England and the United States, and, in 1927, of his Pomes Penyeach. There followed, in 1929, also under the imprint of Shakespeare and Company, a volume of studies of Joyce's Work in Progress (later incorporated in Finnegans Wake), by fourteen contributors, entitled Our Exagmination Round His Factification for Incamination of Work in Progress. Protecting Joyce's work against piracies was one of the frustrating subsidiary tasks created for Miss Beach by her publishing ventures. In one such episode her American "home town," Princeton, played an essential part. In April 1931, upon learning that an unauthorized edition of Pomes Penyeach was being printed in Cleveland, Ohio, on the grounds that the work was not copyrighted in the United States, "S.B." straightway requested "S.W.B.," her father in Princeton, to arrange with the Princeton University Press for a special printing of Pomes for the purpose of securing copyright. The business was handled most expeditiously, through Tomlinson of the University Press, and early in May fifty copies of a small twenty-page pamphlet in gray wrappers were on their way to Paris, while two additional copies were sent to the copyright office in Washington. This edition--described in Slocum and Cahoon's Joyce bibliography under No.A 25, and now much prized by Joyce collectors--includes on the title-page the name Sylvia Beach and date 1931, with "Copyright 1931 by Sylvia Beach" and "Printed in the United States" on the verso. There is no mention, however, of Princeton or of the Princeton University Press. According to a memorandum on the subject preserved among Miss Beach's papers, the charges for this P.U.P. printing of P.P., including copyright expenses, were $27.06. Miss Beach has herself told the story of her career in a volume of memoirs published by Harcourt, Brace and Co. of New York in 1959, under the title Shakespeare and Company, which was also issued by Faber and Faber in London, and subsequently in French, German, and Italian translations. This book provides a key and summary guide to the collection of manuscripts, books, pictures and other souvenirs now at Princeton. Indeed, it is evident from a collation of the book with the collection that, during the 1950's, when Miss Beach was marshalling her memories, she was concurrently ordering her papers and books. Thus, the book itself may be characterized as a collection of documented memories and the collection as the documentation for the book. In 1959, Miss Beach had a major share in the organization of the exhibition, "Les Années Vingt, Les Ecrivains Américains à Paris et leurs amis, 1920-1930," held at the Centre Culturel Américain in Paris, under United States Embassy auspices. The display was based to a large extent on Miss Beach's collection, as was the revised version of the same exhibition held at the USIS gallery in London the following year under the title, "Paris of the Twenties: An Exhibition of Souvenirs of British, French and American Writers, from Shakespeare and Company." The notable printed catalogue of the Paris exhibition, to which Miss Beach contributed an introduction, lists many of the items now in the Princeton Library. Still others are included, under the sub-heading "Petit Memorial de Shakespeare and Company," in Sylvia Beach, 1887-1962, a volume of tributes assembled by her friends Maurice Sailet and Jackson Mathews (published in the Mercure de France, August-September 1963 issue, and also separately, with added illustrations). With the exception of Miss Beach's "Joyce Collection"--that is, manuscripts which James Joyce had given to her and letters which he had written to her--which she relinquished in 1959 to the University of Buffalo Library(2), the collection at Princeton is a substantially complete personal archive, reflecting all aspects of Sylvia Beach's life. The correspondence files include letters from such American writers as Hilda Doolittle, Ezra Pound, Sherwood Anderson, Gertrude Stein, Ernest Hemingway, Archibald McLeish, Robert McAlmon, T. S. Eliot, William Carlos Williams, Allen Tate, Alice B. Toklas, Marianne Moore, Katherine Anne Porter, Richard Wright. George Antheil--the "bad boy of music," who came to Paris from Trenton, New Jersey, and who lived for a time in the mezzanine-floor apartment above the Shakespeare and Company bookshop-- is represented in the collection by letters, musical scores, and by the orginal piano player rolls (inscribed to Sylvia Beach) which served at the world premiere of his Ballet Mécanique in Paris in 1926. F. Scott Fitzgerald makes a brief appearance with Miss Beach's personal copy of his The Great Gatsby, in which the author drew a picture commemorating the "Festival of St. James," a dinner held in July 1928 in Adrienne Monnier's apartment, at which the Fitzgeralds made the acquaintance of James Joyce. Correspondents of English or Irish origin include, in addition to Joyce, Harriet Weaver, Gordon Craig, Arthur Symons, Ford Madox Ford, Frank Harris, Norman Douglas, Ivy Litvinov, Richard Aldington, Stuart Gilbert, Cyril Connolly, D. H. Lawrence, Stephen Spender, and Dorothy Richardson. French friends occupy an equally important place in the collection, as they did in Miss Beach's life: for example, Adrienne Monnier, Valery Larbaud, Léon-Paul Fargue, Jean Schlumberger, Paul Valéry, André Gide, Jules Romains, Jean Giono, André Chamson, Jean Prévost, and Henri Michaux (whose A Barbarian in Asia, translated by Sylvia Beach, was published in New York by New Directions in 1949). Complementing the letters are books by the above-mentioned writers, many of them first editions inscribed to Sylvia Beach. There are also ephemeral pamphlets, magazine publications of their work, and other material about those whose careers Miss Beach followed with special attention, and almost maternal interest, as long as she lived. Little magazines published on the continent by English and American expatriates, as well as books issued by such Paris-based enterprises as William Bird's Three Mountains Press, Robert McAlmon's Contact Editions, and Harry and Caresse Crosby's Black Sun Press, account for another interesting--and now hard-to-come-by--group of publications. Miss Beach's portrait gallery--which once adorned the walls of Shakespeare and Company, and more recently those of her private residence--has come to Princeton. Informal snapshots and more formal portraits, many of them inscribed by the subjects and some of them the work of "name" photographers like Gisèle Freund and Man Ray, provide a visual record of Miss Beach's wide circle of acquaintances. Among the orginal works by the French artist, Paul-Émile Bécat, are oil portraits of Adrienne Monnier (the painter's sister-in-law), done in 1921, and of Sylvia Beach (1923); pencil portraits of Miss Beach (1926) and of her father, the Reverend Sylvester Woodbridge Beach (1927); a pencil portrait of Havelock Ellis (1924); and a double portrait, also in pencil, depicting James Joyce and Robert McAlmon in 1921. Finally, mention should be made of several mementoes of Shakespeare and Company: the familiar red and blue signboard, painted by Marie Monnier-Bécat, which hung from a bar above the door of the shop; the Staffordshire bust of the "Patron Saint," presented by Lady Ellerman; the small oak wall cabinet [Box 116] with the detachment of toy soldiers representing George Washington and his staff, supplied by Valery Larbaud to stand guard over the "House of Shakespeare" [Beach hung the cabinet with the soldiers near the front door of Shakespeare & Company]; and the framed scraps of Walt Whitman manuscripts which Sylvia Beach's Aunt Agnes Orbison had once rescued from a wastebasket when on a visit to the old poet in Camden. The Sylvia Beach Collection promises to be a rich quarry for those interested in the literary figures with whom she was acquainted, as the above roll call of names--far from complete--will indicate. Nevertheless, when seen as a whole, the collection is above all a reflection of Sylvia Beach herself, a personality who will long command respect for her own sake and not merely as one who lived in the reflected glory of others. The role of a prophet of the Twenties, which was thrust upon her during the last and what has been described as "the official period" of her life, was one that she accepted with characteristic conscientiousness, generosity and humor, but with a grain of salt, and without ever losing her bearings or sense of proportion. She was often distressed to find that people confused the literary life with the café life of the Paris Twenties. The name Sylvia Beach inevitably appears in the many published memoirs of this period, which tell a great deal about who thought what about whom. But, as Katherine Anne Porter has recently pointed out in her perceptive sketch, "Paris: A Little Incident in the Rue de l'Odéon" (Ladies' Home Journal, August 1964), although these recorded memories often glitter with malice, hatred and jealousy, none of them speak meanly of Sylvia Beach. The French novelist Jean Schlumberger, when inscribing one of his books to her, characterized her as "Sylvia Beach, ambassadrice des lettres." Another of her French friends, the novelist André Chamson (now Director of the National Archives of France), has developed this theme in a tribute entitled "Le Secret de Sylvia," which appeared in the memorial volume mentioned above. Recalling that it was thanks to Sylvia Beach that he made the acquaintance of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Chamson concludes his reminiscence with these words: "Sylvia carried pollen like a bee. She cross-fertilized these writers. She did more to link England, the United States, Ireland, and France than four great ambassadors combined. It was not merely for the pleasure of friendship that Joyce, Eliot, Hemingway, Scott Fitzgerald, Bryher and so many others so often took the path to Shakespeare and Company, in the heart of Paris, to meet there all these French writers. But nothing is more mysterious than such fertilizations through dialogue, reading or simple human contact... I know, for my part, what I owe to Scott Fitzgerald.... But what so many other writers owe to each other, is Sylvia's secret." In recognition of Sylvia Beach's roles as ambassadress of letters, a substantial segment of the books which once formed part of the stock of Shakespeare and Company has been presented, on behalf of Princeton University, to the University of Paris, for use in the library of its English Department, the Institut d'Etudes Anglaises et Américaines. These books might be described as a "basic library of English literature," for the Shakespeare and Company "lending library" was far more than a mere circulationg library for current reading. French teachers, students, and English scholars, as well as translators and writers, were in the habit of finding there, alongside the avant-garde writers of the twentieth century, not only Shakespeare, but also, in his company, the Elizabethan poets, the eighteenth-century novelists, the Romantics and the Victorians. Such books, which Miss Beach brought into France, with persistence and discrimination, from across the Channel or the Atlantic, may now continue their ambassadorial and fertilizing role among new generations at the Institut's library, located in the Rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, in the "heart of Paris," where Sylvia Beach lived for more than four decades. Even though Sylvia Beach's name is indeliby associated with the Rue de l'Odéon, it is not wholly inappropriate that a collection of her papers and books should now find a home in Princeton. Speaking in her memoirs of her very first visit to "the spot where such important things in my life were to happen," she recalls that the eighteenth-century neo-classic façade of the Odéon, the theatre standing at the head of the street, reminded her somehow "of Colonial houses in Princeton." The first chapter of these memoirs evokes the years spent in Princeton with her family in the days of Woodrow Wilson. "Princeton," she comments, "with its trees and birds, is more a leafy, flowery park than a town, and the Beach family considered itself lucky." After Sylvia Beach's death, her ashes were brought to Princeton for interment in the family plot in the Princeton cemetery. In the autumn of 1959, on her last visit to Princeton, Miss Beach had
a glimpse of the University Library, where she took keen delight in examining
Audubon prints and drawings (her memory flitting back to the birds she
knew at her cottage at Bourré on the banks of the Cher, or at her
chalet high above the Lac du Bourget at Les Déserts in Savoy). She
seemed, upon this occasion, far less interested in talking about the writers
of the Twenties than she was in seeing the parsonage in Library Place,
or in finding out if the families in Witherspoon Street still named their
little boys Sylvester, as they had in the days when her father was their
pastor.
Collection DescriptionScope NoteThe collection is substantially a complete personal archive of Beach, and consists primarily of general correspondence and materials related to her Paris bookshop Shakespeare and Company, a popular meeting-place for French, English, Irish, and American writers during the 1920s and 1930s. Beach's correspondents include Sherwood Anderson, George Antheil, Ford Madox Ford, Ernest Hemingway, James Joyce, Robert McAlmon, Ezra Pound, Gertrude Stein, Arthur Symons, Alice B. Toklas, and Richard Wright. There are also generous amounts of family correspondence and personal documents, as well as James Joyce material, particularly relating to his Shakespeare and Company publications of Ulysses and other writings. Other materials in the collection include Beach's correspondence with personal friends, principally Adrienne Monnier; her manuscripts of Shakespeare and Company and other writings; phonograph records of various authors reading their work; paintings, drawings, and memorabilia of various artists; scrapbooks and other miscellanea relating to Beach, Shakespeare and Company, and the Sylvia Beach Papers at Princeton University. Furthermore, there is an extensive selection of photographs that capture her family, friends (including writers and artists), bookshop, and life in Paris. A large portion of the photographs of writers are by copyrighted photographers, such as Berenice Abbott, Gisèle Freund, and Man Ray. A box of "Additional Papers" consists of correspondence related to Shakespeare and Company, including a letter by Beach to F. Scott Fitzgerald regarding a James Joyce manuscript. This material was acquired after the compilation of the original archives. Arrangement Sylvia Beach's papers--constituting a personal archive--have been grouped under the following "chapter headings" or categories(3): I. Family Correspondence and Personal Documents
Added Entries The following added entries have been assigned to this collection to highlight significant sources (other than the main entry), subjects, and forms of the collection's materials. Where possible Library of Congress Subjects Headings have been used, and the forms of names reflect international cataloging standards. As a result, all of these entries may be searched in the Library's online catalog, the Department's database (MASC), and other bibliographic catalogs, to find related material. Subject Headings (in uppercase) / Form Headings (in upper and lower case): Authors, American--France--20th century--Photographs
Publications As general guidance to the Sylvia Beach Collection, including both books and "papers," the following publications will be found useful: Sylvia Beach, Shakespeare and Company (New York: Harcourt, Brace, and Co., 1959), [ExB 0350.854.15 and other copies available in Library]. Also published in an unrevised paperback edition (minus the illustrations): Harcourt, Brace, and World, 1966 (Harvest Book , HB97). Also a London edition, French translation, German translation, and Italian translation. Centre Culturel Américain (U.S. Embassy), Les Années Vingt: Les Ecrivains Américains àParis et Leurs Amis, 1920-1930 (Paris: 1959) [04703.247, and other copies]. Catalogue of an exhibition, based largely on Sylvia Beach's collection, March 11-April 25, 1959. Preface by Sylvia Beach. The catalogue was prepared with the assistance of Helene Baltrusaitis and Maurice Saillet. Items shown, unless otherwise indicated, were from SB's collection (and are for the most part now in the Princeton University Library). The same exhibition, with modifications, was subsequently presented in the USIS Gallery in London, 1960. Maurice Saillet and Jackson Mathews, compilers, Sylvia Beach, 1887-1962 (Paris, Mercure de France, 1963), [Beach 3622.414.814.1963]. Texts (but without illustrations) had previously appeared in Mercure de France, August-September 1963 issue. A volume of tributes to Sylvia Beach, in French and English (the latter also in French translation). Noel Riley Fitch, "Sylvia Beach's Shakespeare and Company: Port of Call for American Expatriates." reprinted from Research Studies, December 1965, pp. 197-207. [Reprint in Beach Collection: Beach 3622.414.671]. Noel Riley Fitch, Sylvia Beach and the Lost Generation: A History of Literary Paris in the Twenties and Thirties (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1983) [Z305.B33F57 1983] Noel Riley Fitch Papers (C0841), Manuscripts Division: The papers of Noel Riley Fitch containing her research materials for her biography of Sylvia Beach, other writings on Beach and Ernest Hemingway and some original manuscripts of Sylvia Beach and her family. Princeton University Literary Chronicle, Vol. XXVI, No.1 (Autumn, 1964), p. 7-13, contains a brief introduction(4) to the Sylvia Beach Collection, by the undersigned, it was reprinted, with added illustrations, in The Princeton Alumni Weekly, Vol. 65, No. 17 (February 16, 1965), p. 12-14, 17-18. This checklist has been prepared by Mrs. Enid Adelson, who has been largely responsibe for sorting and arranging the Sylvia Beach papers, and putting them into useable form. --Howard C. Rice, Jr.
Further references on Sylvia Beach and the Beach Collection:
Princeton, June 1966 A. Walton Litz, "The Last Adventure of Ulysses," Princeton University Library Chronicle, XXVIII, No. 2 (Winter, 1967), 63-75. Based in part on material in Beach Collection; illustrations from the Collection. Yves Bonnefoy, "Un Rêve fait à Mantoue," in his collection of essays, Un Rêve fait à Mantoue (Paris, Mercure de France, 1967), pp. 41-49. [Beach 3236.5882.376]. This is a reprinting, under another title, of Bonnefoy's reminiscence of Sylvia Beach first published in the memorial volume Sylvia Beach, 1887-1962 (1963), pp. 28-33, under the title "Le Voyage de Grece." Bonnefoy accompanied the Mathews and SB on a trip to Greece in 1961. The 1967 reprint of the text lacks the photographs included in the 1963 publication. Paul Wagner, "Frank Harris and the Maid of Orleans," Princeton University Library Chronicle, XXX, No.1 (Autumn 1968). 25-38. Uses materials in the Beach Collection; illustration also from the Collection. William G. Rogers, Ladies Bountiful (New York: Harcourt, Brace, and World, Inc., 1968). [Beach N 8410.R6]. On Sylvia Beach: pp. 164 ff. George Wickes, Americans in Paris, 1903-1939 (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday and Co., Paris Review Editions, 1969). [Beach 1514.971]. Occasional references to Sylvia Beach; no chapter devoted specifically to her. Several of the illustrations are from the Beach Collection, Princeton. Carlos Baker, Ernest Hemingway, A Life Story (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1969) [Ex 3778.74.568.4]. Occasional references to Sylvia Beach and to Beach-Hemingway correspondence. See Index. Illustrations Nos. 29-31, 33, 36, are from the Sylvia Beach Collection at Princeton. Jane Lidderdale, Dear Miss Weaver: Harriet Shaw Weaver, 1876-1961 (New York: Viking Press, 1970) [Beach 0345.958.584], Miss Lidderdale has made use of the Weaver letters and other material in the Beach Collection at Princeton. Note: The Appendix to Volume III of Letters of James Joyce, ed. Richard Ellmann (New York: Viking, 1966), pp. 511-513, included four items printed from manuscripts now in the Beach Collection at Princeton. These represent "strays" which are not in the University of Buffalo Library, where Sylvia Beach's James Joyce collection proper is now located. Several illustrations in Ellmann's Volume II are also from the Princeton collection: cf. Nos. 10, 19, 40, pp. xxix-xxxi. [Beach 3807.38.358.1966 v.3]. Note Books from Sylvia Beach's collection have been separately catalogued, and are shelved together in the Rare Books Department; the call number is preceded by the designation "Beach." These books (many of them inscribed by the authors to Sylvia Beach) are available in the Rare Books reading-room; they are recorded both in the Library's central card catalogue and in the Rare Books room catalogue. 1 The Princeton University Library Chronicle, Vol. XXVI, No. 1 (Autumn, 1964). pp. 7-15. 2 See Peter Spielberg, comp., James Joyce's Manuscripts & Letters at the University of Buffalo, A Catalogue (University of Buffalo, 1962), where the manuscripts and letters acquired from Sylvia Beach are listed and described. Miss Beach had earlier, in 1935, offered some of her Joyceana for sale, but only a few items were actually disposed of at that time, the others remaining in her possession until they were acquired by Buffalo. The 16-page brochure issued in 1935 is entitled: Catalogue of a Collection containing Manuscripts & Rare Editions of James Joyce...Belonging to Miss Sylvia Beach and offered for sale at her shop Shakespeare and Company, 12, rue de l'Odeon, Paris VIe. The Spielberg catalogue of the Buffalo collection identifies the items in Miss Beach's 1935 catalogue that are now at Buffalo. 3 Refer to the Series Descriptions section for further details. 4 Reprinted, in abridged form,
with new illustrations, in Manuscripts (published by the Manuscript
Society), Vol. XVIII, No.3 (Summer, 1966), pp. 3-8. Cover is a "montage"
of Shakespeare & Co. signboard and signatures from Whitman exhibition
guest book. Includes reproduction of Paul- Émile Bécat's
pencil portrait of Sylvia Beach (1926).
Series Descriptions
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